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    Positive 
			Thinking:
			 
			
			(The Power of Positive Thought). 
			
				Modern 
				experimental research into positive thinking is suggesting the 
				presence of an underlying set of phenomena apparently operating 
				between the unconscious mind and the physical world. One of the 
				most obviously recognised forms of positive thinking can be seen 
				in the strong traditions and dependency on prayer to heal or 
				cure the sick, prayer being one of 
				the oldest and most emotive means of attempting to alter the outcome of events by 'manipulating' the more 
				obvious laws of nature.  
				In prehistoric 
				times, the role of the Shaman is understood as operating as a link between 
				the known and the unknown, perhaps in the same way as a priest 
				today, but they also operated as healers. It is the relationship 
				between belief and healing that is the topic of debate on this 
				page, and what makes shamanism relevant in the context of 
				positive thinking. A recent Lancet 
							editorial said it would be premature to rule out 
							the use of such therapies in modern medicine. It 
							added: "The contribution that hope and belief make 
							to a personal understanding of illness cannot be 
							dismissed so lightly" ... "They are proper subjects for 
							science".  
				(5)  
				
					The following 
				examples suggest that the act of positive thinking itself can, 
					and does influence 
				events in the physical world. 
				 
			 
			  
              
                
                  | 
                     Positive 
					Thinking: The Evidence. | 
                 
               
			Most people agree that positive thinking 
			is effective, 
			but just how 
			much is debatable.  
			  
			The Placebo 
			Effect: 
			
				
					
						
							
								
									
										
										It is 
										perhaps ironic that the gold standard of 
										medical research has been the 
										double-blind, placebo-controlled 
										clinical trial.  You give one group of 
										patients a medicine you want to test, 
										and another group a dummy pill 
										that has no active ingredients.  Neither 
										the patients nor doctors know who is 
										getting which. Medical literature 
										includes a great deal of testimony that 
										the placebo effect routinely works 30 
										percent of the time, with Dr. Herbert 
										Benson of Harvard stating that it may 
										work up to 90 percent of the time. The 
										effectiveness of a placebo in any given 
										circumstance also varies greatly.  In 
										nine double-blind studies comparing 
										placebos to aspirin, placebos proved to 
										be 54 percent as effective as the actual 
										analgesic.  From this, one might expect 
										that placebos would be even less 
										effective when compared to a much 
										stronger painkiller such as morphine, 
										but this is not the case.  In six 
										double-blind studies placebos were found 
										to be 56 percent as effective as 
										morphine in relieving pain. In a recent 
										study of a new kind of chemotherapy, 30 
										percent of the individuals in the 
										control group, the group given placebos, 
										lost their hair. 
										(14)
										 
										
										Evidence 
										from numerous studies on the placebo 
										effect have revealed the fascinating 
										fact that the belief of the patient that 
										they are being cured appears to have 
										more effect than many modern 
										pharmaceutical medicines. In fact, the 
										placebo effect appears to be getting 
										stronger in people making it difficult 
										for the drug companies to produce new 
										drugs which show an improvement over it. 
										The credit for the increased placebo 
										effect is attributed to the increase in 
										consumer marketing, which leads to 
										people having a better belief in the 
										product. Many of the existing drugs, 
										such as Prozac, have been shown to 
										falter when compared to the placebo 
										effect. 
										(13)
										 
										
										Placebo 
										effects can arise not only from a 
										conscious belief in a drug but also from 
										subconscious associations between 
										recovery and the experience of being 
										treated�from the pinch of a shot to a 
										doctor�s white coat. Such subliminal 
										conditioning can control bodily 
										processes of which we are unaware, such 
										as immune responses and the release of 
										hormones. Researchers have decoded some 
										of the biology of placebo responses, 
										demonstrating that they stem from active 
										processes in the brain. 
										(12) 
									 
								 
							 
						 
					 
				 
			 
			  
			The Experiments 
			of Dr. Masaru Emoto.  
			
				Masaru Emoto, a researcher and alternative healer from Japan has 
			given the world a good deal of evidence of the magic of positive 
			thinking. He became famous when his water 
			molecule experiments featured in the 2004 film, What The Bleep Do 
			We Know?. His experiments demonstrate that human thoughts and intentions 
			can alter physical reality, in this case the
			molecular structure of water. Given that humans are comprised of 
			at least 60% water, his discovery has far reaching implications. The 
				following two experiments were performed by Dr. Emoto, which he 
				says demonstrate the metaphysical reality of positive thinking. 
				  
				The Ice 
				Crystal Experiment: In this experiment, water molecules 
				which had positive thoughts 'projected' at it were shown to form 
				into ice crystals which are both more complex and more 
				aesthetically pleasing. The experiments consists of 
				exposing water in glasses to different words, pictures, or 
				music, and then freezing and examining the
				aesthetics of the resulting crystals with microscopic 
				photography. 
				Emoto claims that there are "many differences in the crystalline 
				structure of the water" depending on the type of water source, 
				which were taken from all over the world. For example, a water 
				sample from a "pristine mountain" stream would purportedly show 
				a "geometric" design that is "beautifully" shaped when frozen. 
				On the other hand, "polluted water" sources will supposedly show 
				a "definite distortion" and will be "randomly formed". 
				(11) 
			 
			
			 
			  
			
				Water 
				crystals following positive thoughts (left), and following 
				negative thoughts (right). 
			 
			Photo Credits: Masaru 
			Emoto: (Quick-link) 
			
			
				  
				
				 The 
				Rice Experiment: The rice experiment is another famous Emoto demonstration of the 
			power of negative thinking (and conversely, the power of positive 
			thinking.) In this experiment, Dr Emoto placed portions of cooked rice into 
			two containers. On one container he wrote "thank you" and on the 
			other "you fool". He then instructed school children to say the 
			labels on the jars out loud everyday when they passed them by. After 
			30 days, the rice in the container with positive thoughts had barely 
			changed, while the other was mouldy and rotten.  
				It is widely 
				reported that this experiment can be reproduced by almost 
				anyone. In order to perform the test yourself, you have to spend at least 
				5 minutes, twice a day consciously intending negative thoughts 
				or positive thoughts at the respective containers of rice. (Make 
				sure you use cooked rice, as it is the water content that is 
				said to produce the results). 
				The same 
				experiment is also reported to be possible with plants 
				such as growing carrot tops. In this version, it is 
				suggested that you take 4 carrots all the same size. Cut them 
				1/2 inch below the green top and trim off all the foliage. Place 
				them in 2 saucers, and label one 
														dish with a (+) and one 
														dish (-) and place them 
														in a window for light.
														Keep them watered but 
														every day look at the 
														(+) carrots and think 
														"you are beautiful 
														plant, you will be green 
														and lush" etc... 
				and to the (-) carrots think 
														"you are horrible, I 
														hate you, you will 
														whither and die, brown 
														and disgusting". 
				After a few weeks, the results are apparently visibly obvious. 
			 
			
				
					
						
							
								
									
										  
			
				
					
						
							
								
									
										 
											
												
													
			
				
					
						
							
								
									
										Article: 
										Can you Think Yourself Younger: (BBCNews: 
										Feb, 2010) 
											
											An 
										experiment in 1979 to see if thought 
										patterns could affect the ageing process 
										has turned out to have far reaching 
										consequences in the field of positive 
										thinking. Taken back 20 years through 
										visual aids and other stimulus to see if 
										it affected their group of elderly 
										gentlemen were Prof Langer, who took 
										physiological measurements both before 
										and after the week and found the men 
										improved across the board. Their blood 
										pressure dropped and, even more 
										surprisingly, their eyesight and hearing 
										got better. Both groups showed 
										improvements, but the experimental group 
										improved the most. Their gait, 
										dexterity, arthritis, speed of movement, 
										cognitive abilities and their memory was 
										all measurably improved. Prof Langer 
											believes that by encouraging the 
											men's minds to think younger their 
											bodies followed and actually became 
											"younger". 
											(3) 
										 
									 
								 
							 
						 
					 
				 
			 
			(Link to Full 
			Article) 
													 | 
												 
											 
										 
										 
								 
							 
						 
					 
				 
			 
										  
			The Love Study: 
			
				
					
						
							
								
									
										
										The 
										following experiment was designed to 
										determine if our 
										consciousness has the capacity to reach 
										out and connect to someone else in a way 
										that's health-promoting?". Dr 
										Schiltz has been conducting the study at 
										the Institute of Neotic Studies in North 
										Carolina, in which loving couples, 
										married over a decade, are tested in the 
										following way:  
										
											
											
											
										 
										
										Schlitz takes 
										one of the couple into an isolated 
										room, where no sound can come in or go 
										out. They settle into a deep armchair 
										as Schlitz attaches electrodes to their 
										right hand which measures blood flow in 
										the 
										thumb and skin conductance 
										activity, both of which are measures of 
										their unconscious nervous system. Schlitz locks 
										the person into the 
										electromagnetically shielded chamber and ushers 
										the partner into another isolated 
										room with a closed-circuit television. 
										She explains that the screen will go on 
										and off. And at random intervals, the images 
										of the other partner will appear on the screen 
										for 10 seconds. During the times when 
										they see 
										them, they are told to think about 
										sending loving, compassionate intention. 
										
										The 
										results show changes in the first 
										partners blood 
										pressure and perspiration when they 
										sees the image of their partner, the 
										steady lines suddenly jump and become 
										ragged ... More interesting however, is 
										that at the same time there's a 
										change in the blood volume of the other 
										partner. It is described as a sudden change like that 
										associated with an 
										orienting response. If you suddenly hear 
										somebody whispering in your ear, and 
										there's nobody around, you have this 
										sense of what? What was that? That's 
										more or less what they are seeing in the 
										physiology.   
										
										After running 36 couples through this 
										test, the researchers found that when 
										one person focused his thoughts on his 
										partner, the partner's blood flow and 
										perspiration dramatically changed within 
										two seconds. The odds of this happening 
										by chance were 1 in 11,000. Three dozen 
										double blind, randomized studies by such 
										institutions as the University of 
										Washington and the University of 
										Edinburgh have reported similar results.
										
										 
										
										Link to Full 
										Article; (Quick-link)
										
										 
										
										So how are 
										we to explain this 'quantum 
										entanglement'? The current theory is as 
										follows:   
										
										Once two 
										particles have interacted, if you 
										separate them, even by miles, they 
										behave as if they're still connected. So 
										far, this has only been demonstrated on 
										the subatomic level. It is proposed that 
										the same effect could be working on 
										people in 
										close relationships -couples, siblings, 
										parent and child, not just emotionally, and 
										psychologically - but also physically. This idea, that we may be connected 
										at some molecular level greatly echoes the words 
										of the mystics.  
								 
							 
						 
					 
				 
			 
										  
			
				
					Article:
					Scientists Show How Your Thoughts Can Cause Specific 
					Molecular Changes To Your Genes... 
					
						'According to Dr. Bruce Lipton, 
						gene activity can change on a daily basis. If the 
						perception in your mind is reflected in the chemistry of 
						your body, and if your nervous system reads and 
						interprets the environment and then controls the blood�s 
						chemistry, then you can literally change the fate of 
						your cells by altering your thoughts... In the simplest 
						terms, this means that we need to change the way we 
						think if we are to heal cancer.'. 
					 
				 
			 
										
										Link to Full 
										Article: (Quick-link) 
										  
			  
              
										
										
										The jury is still out as 
										to exactly what is being witnessed with 
										faith healing. There are numerous 
										claims of 'miraculous' healing in the 
										literature but results of clinical 
										trials vary from trial to trial with one 
										claiming that remote 'intercessory' 
										prayer has a positive effect on patients 
										(4), 
										another saying it has no effect 
										whatsoever (5), 
										and the next saying that it even has a negative 
										effect on the patients outcome 
										(6), so what 
										exactly is 
										the truth behind faith healing. The 
										results of faith healing tend to be 
										ascribed to the projection of positive 
										thought, but this is yet to be 
										satisfactorily established, as there is 
										also evidence suggesting it is the 
										thoughts of the 'patient' that are at 
										the heart of any witnessed phenomena. 
										  
										
										
										Spirituality And Health: 
										 
										
										In a 
										long-term case study of patients with 
										HIV, Prof. Gail Ironson began to notice 
										that certain patients never got sick. 
										She decided to investigate the matter 
										and found something surprising. If you ask people what's kept you 
										going so long, what keeps you healthy, 
										often people would say spirituality," 
										she says. "It was something that just 
										kept coming up in the interviews, and 
										that's why I decided to look at it." 
										Prof. Ironson began to zero in on a 
										patient's relationship with God in an 
										attempt to predict how fast the disease 
										would progress. She focused on two key indicators. 
										She measured viral load, which tells how 
										much of the virus is present in a 
										person's body, and immune cells called 
										CD-4 cells, which help fight off the 
										AIDS virus. Ironson says over time, those who 
										turned to God after their diagnosis had 
										a much lower viral load and maintained 
										those powerful immune cells at a much 
										higher rate than those who turned away 
										from God. "In fact, people who felt abandoned 
										by God and who decreased in spirituality 
										lost their CD4 cells 4.5 times faster 
										than people who increased in 
										spirituality," Ironson says. "That was 
										actually our most powerful psychological 
										predictor to date." "Just so I understand it," I confirm, 
										"if someone weren't taking their meds 
										and were depressed, they would still 
										fare better if they increased in 
										spirituality?", "Yes," she says. "Now, I'm not in any 
										way suggesting that people don't take 
										their meds," she adds quickly, laughing. 
										"This is really an important point. 
										However, the effects of spirituality are 
										over and above." 
										 
				 
										
										Link to Full 
										Article: (Quick-link)  
										Dr 
														Charmaine Griffiths, 
														spokesperson for the 
														British Heart 
														Foundation, speaking on 
										the subject of faith healing said: "While 
														this research suggests 
														that prayer and 
														alternative therapies do 
														not improve the clinical 
														outcome for patients 
														undergoing heart 
														procedures, there is 
														increasing interest in 
														the possibility that 
														positive emotional 
														states are beneficial to 
														heart health". She said associations 
														had been seen between 
														positive emotional 
														states and low levels of 
														the stress hormone 
														cortisol. "Further evidence is 
														emerging that people 
														with a more positive 
														outlook appear to be 
														less affected by 
														stressful events, such 
														as having surgery." She added: "Patients 
														learning to relax by 
														using breathing 
														techniques and listening 
														to music, and being 
														aware that others are 
														thinking of them may 
														contribute to a more 
														optimistic outlook. 
										"Whether these effects are significant 
										remains unproven."  
										
														(5) 
										   
								 
							 
						 
					 
				 
			 
			Medical Study Questions the Power of 
			Prayer: 
			
				
					
						
							
								
									
										
										Dozens of studies of the effects of 
									prayer have been carried out in the last few 
									years with mixed results. 
										Contrary 
										to most experiments in this field, the 
										result of a 10 year study on the 
										effect of prayers offered by strangers 
										showed that they had no effect 
									on the recovery of people who were 
									undergoing heart surgery. In addition, patients 
									who knew they were being prayed for had a 
									higher rate of post-operative complications 
									like abnormal heart rhythms, perhaps because 
									of the expectations the prayers created, the 
									researchers suggested.  
									 
								 
							 
						 
					 
				 
			 
			Reference:
			
			http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/31/health/31pray.html?_r=1   
			  
			  
              
										
									
										
											
											'Luck is believing you're lucky...' 
											- (Tennessee Williams). 
											 
											 
									 
							
			A variety of studies by Prof Richard Wiseman suggest that 
			the outcome of an experiment can be affected by the perception of 
			luck. The 
							results reveal that although people have 
							almost no insight into the causes of their luck, 
							their thoughts and behaviour are responsible for 
							much of their good and bad fortune. 
			Research eventually revealed that 
			lucky people generate good fortune via four principles: They are skilled at creating and 
											noticing chance opportunities, make 
											lucky decisions by listening to 
											their intuition, create 
											self-fulfilling prophesies via 
											positive expectations, and adopt a 
											resilient attitude that transforms 
											bad luck into good. Aside from the 
			various experiments that demonstrated the existence of the 
			transference of luck into result on a minute to minute basis, Prof Wiseman 
			performed another experiment called the 'Name Experiment', which 
			apparently shows one of the root causes of luck. 
			The results were 
			announced at the opening of the 2008 Edinburgh 
			International Science Festival.
			The experiment involved over 6,000 people indicating whether the most 
			popular first names in the UK sounded successful, lucky, and 
			attractive.
			Strong trends emerged, with James and Elizabeth being seen as the 
			most successful, Jack and Lucy topping the luck table, and Sophie 
			and Ryan coming out as the most attractive. Lisa and Brian were seen 
			as the least successful, Helen and John as the least lucky, and Ann 
			and George as the most unattractive. 
			 
			Past research has shown that such perceptions can become 
			self-fulfilling prophesies, with teachers giving higher marks to 
			children with attractive names and employers being more likely to 
			promote those who sound successful. These new findings could help 
			parents wishing to find the perfect name for their children. Traditional names with Royal associations were viewed as highly 
			successful and intelligent, and so parents hoping for successful 
			offspring might want to avoid more unusual names. Attractive female 
			names tended to be soft-sounding and end with the �ee� sound, 
			whereas the sexiest males names are short and much harder sounding. Interesting sex differences also emerged, with women exhibiting 
			greater levels of agreement than men about the most successful, 
			lucky and attractive names. Women shared strong opinions about 
			names, whereas men are more even-handed. If our opinions about 
			people are influenced by their first names, then this data suggests 
			that women may be more judgemental than men. (7) 
			  
			Superstition and 
			Luck: 
			'Superstition can boost performance through 
			confidence' - A new study suggests; 
			 (9) 
													
													Superstitious ways of 
													bringing good luck are found 
													in cultures around the 
													world, and it turns out they 
													may be ubiquitous for a very 
													good reason: To some extent 
													it appears, 
													superstitions work. New 
													research shows that 
													believing in, say, the power 
													of a good luck charm can 
													actually help improve 
													performance in certain 
													situations, even though the 
													charm and event aren't 
													logically linked.   
													
													This is what a team of 
													psychologists at the 
													University of Cologne in 
													Germany report in the May 
													issue of the journal 
													Psychological Science. In a 
													series of experiments 
													employing tasks involving 
													memory and motor skills, the 
													scientists studied the 
													effect of behaviour and 
													"object superstitions" � 
													which rely on good luck 
													charms in college 
													students.  
													 
													The participants who kept 
													their good luck charms set 
													higher goals for what they 
													wanted to achieve on the 
													tasks, and said they felt 
													more confident in their 
													abilities. 
													"Engaging in superstitious 
													thoughts and behaviours may 
													be one way to reach one's 
													top level of performance," 
													the researchers write in the 
													journal article. 
													
													(8) 
			  
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